Tactical Transparency In The Public Relations Commerce Essay

In the post-Enron, blog-ridden universe we live in, transparence is a construct push on public dealingss practicians. Our stakeholders accept genuineness as the edifice block of organization-public relationships. As the first line of defence for any organisation, it is the occupation of these professionals to construct an appropriate transparence scheme. If communications professionals are portion of council chamber discourse, the tools of transparence will match to the company ‘s doctrine. Some choose to encompass transparence as the most ethical scheme while others remain opaque to retain competitory advantage. The purpose of this survey is to specify what transparence means in the new media millenary, address the execution of transparence at all degrees and types of organisations, and contribute to the on-going scholarly argument. The information provided will show the power and efficaciousness of tactical transparence when embedded into a company ‘s civilization. Transparency can non better corporate repute when practiced by merely a few representatives. It will non bolster public sentiment if adopted merely during crises.Specifying â€Å" Tactical Transparency †Tactical transparence is non every bit ethic-centric as it is based in practicality. The changing grade to which a company portions its leaders, employees, values, civilization, concern patterns, and concern schemes determines its degree of transparence.[ 1 ]Specifying transparence is frequently a contested point for practicians during the strategic planning procedure and among public dealingss bookmans, because none of the elements listed supra is sensible in every concern state of affairs. Accessibility is of import to consumers but some sensitive topics are non appropriate to portion with stakeholders. Sharing merchandise safety information is indispensable to making ethical concern, but let go ofing merchandise development information could turn out dearly-won. Scholars tend to place two types of transparence: fiscal and administration. Fiscal transparence is frequently associated with public companies and includes net incomes and net incomes describing. Governance transparence involves sharing regulations, procedures, and executive construction with populaces. Although these categorizations are so applicable to the concern environment, public dealingss professional are more concerned with openness as it applies to corporate repute. Scholars tend to hold on what transparence is non ; it is non full revelation. Holtz and Havens defined the four features of transparence as objectiveness, intent, esteem, and pilotage.[ 2 ]To stay unfastened, employers should ideally utilize changing grades of each in times of crisis or an attempt to avoid such crises by showing a willingness to portion and unwrap information. Honesty and unity are cardinal to objectiveness. Using multiple channels, informal and formal tactics, and advanced schemes will gain good will from populaces, but genuineness and objectiveness will ever win out. Transparency must ever hold a intent ; it should be accompanied by an action or follow-through. Recovering consumer trust is of class vital to the bottom line, but reconstructing a trade name requires consistence and length of service. Former JetBlue Airways laminitis and CEO, David Neeleman offered a YouTube apology for his air hose ‘s cancellation of multiple flights on Valentine ‘s Day 2007.[ 3 ]But in add-on to the apology, Neeleman helped his direction squad development and implement a Customer Bill of Rights, authorising stakeholders to go more involved. Proposing that intent is the key to transparency attempts, Neeleman subsequently wrote, â€Å" Talk is cheap-action is the lone thing that truly builds your repute, non merely as a individual, but as a com pany. †[ 4 ]Regardless of the communications attempts a company employs before and after crises, its past path record will most likely find the regard in which the company is held. Esteem is based on corporate duty ( charitable activites, employee intervention ) and corporate values. Finally, the manner a company navigates crises will assist find future state of affairss necessitating transparence. Methods that have worked in the yesteryear can be applied rapidly and honestly and better duologue with populaces.Transparency in the Internet AgeThe challenges confronting public dealingss professionals in today ‘s market place involve what Holtz and Havens ( 2009 ) define as a â€Å" convergence of two separate and distinguishable tendencies: worsening trust in concern and increased public examination † both are a consequence in portion of societal media tendencies and the handiness of real-time duologue.[ 5 ]Worsening consumer trust is both a Post-industrialist world and a current legitimate public fright ensuing from closed-door concern patterns that were exposed in recent headlines. New statute law now forces unfastened trades and consumer outlooks have risen to run into new ethical criterions. What is good and ethical nevertheless will ever be a contested point ; the fuel behind much of this argument. Organizations can do usage of public coaction to research stakeholder outlooks and ethical demands while reacting to unfavorable judgment with hastiness. If we view transparence from purely the consumer position, it is evident that corporate duty, which encompasses transparence, has become far more of import in a tough economic system. Harmonizing to a study completed by Landor Associates, Penn Schoen Berland and Burson-Marsteller, 75 % of consumers felt societal duty was of import and 55 % reported taking cause-related merchandises over those that do n't.[ 6 ]A 2008 Harris survey of authorities repute and transparence found â€Å" deep dissatisfaction among the American populace with both the handiness of authorities fiscal information and the manner it is delivered to the people. †[ 7 ]CBS ‘s hit telecasting show, Undercover Boss thrives on transparence, giving viewing audiences the unadulterated interior scoop through CEO lens as he/she discovers the existent inner-workings.[ 8 ]Consumers have reacted to the slightly hazardous exposure ; some companies featured have reported stock additions and record gross revenues.[ 9 ]This suggests that transparence is an effectual public dealingss scheme. The easiness and handiness of online webcasts has created an ambiance of â€Å" de facto real-time openness, † in which companies ‘ crises attempts are expected to be acknowledged outright.[ 10 ]BP ‘s 2010 oil spill proved that with greater visibleness, comes greater answerability. Following the calamity, it is likely that market forces will enforce transparence ordinance for other energy companies working in sensitive ecological environments. Assorted stakeholders will demand supervising abilities similar to that BP posted on its web site. The mile-deep unrecorded video-feed satisfied stakeholder wonders but it besides set a new criterion for â€Å" strategic transparence. † If we can watch oil spiting from a busted wellspring ( the crisis itself ) and the submerged vehicles trying to seal the leak ( the crisis response ) , so what else is possible? Could we watch the car mechanic naming a broken vehicle, the preschool instructor administrating medical specialty to a kid, or the kitchen staff fixing nutrient? Michael Schrage of the Harvard Business Review identifies revelation as the â€Å" twentieth Century mistiming of a paper-based age. †[ 11 ]From this incident, Schrage speculates that tactical transparence will go on to â€Å" have an tremendous proficient and conceptual encouragement. †[ 12 ] Supporters of transparence in the workplace place many elements that could profit from greater public transparence. Analyzing organisational procedures, meeting schemes, office locations, and concern maps may uncover net streaming handinesss or more accessible avenues. In some instances, making so may even back up the organisation ‘s selling schemes. In this sense greater visibleness and transparence is another chance to earn media attending and develop a trade name. If positive public dealingss are a consequence of tactical transparence, so its perceived absence could bring forth negative promotion. A referee mistake in a recent World Cup game between the US and Slovenia caused a firestorm of public reaction. FIFA ordinances prevented the referee from explicating the questionable call, but FIFA ‘s president offered a tweet following the game directing witnesss to a old statement he ‘d made sing video rematch. A Time.com observer wrote, â€Å" [ C ] ould n't he hold offered more transparence about this specific incident than a tweet? Particularly a tweet that links a boiler home base web page from March? †[ 13 ]Literature ReviewCrisiss such as the FIFA opinion and the BP oil spill, by definition threaten to damage the repute of an organisation.[ 14 ]Benoit explored organisational efforts to reconstruct reputes after crisis-damaging events and developed the image Restoration theory. Benoit ‘s image Restoration schemes incl uded denial, equivocation of duty, cut downing offensive of the act, disciplinary action, and chagrin ( an artless apology ) .[ 15 ]Denial is the most defensive of the Acts of the Apostless and involves a complete refusal to accept duty while equivocation of duty badly limits engagement but does acknowledge some sum. Reducing odiousness is a specific signifier of strategic equivocation that focuses on minimising the consequence of the act on public sentiment. Corrective action has deductions in the immediate and future responses of the organisation ; chagrin is an immediate and sincere apology for incorrect making, the most crystalline attack. Image Restoration schemes and the appropriate discourse are chosen, altered, and arranged for the specific crisis or stakeholders.[ 16 ]Benoit ‘s research finds that a corporation best serves itself when it takes full duty, apologizes, and Acts of the Apostless with hastiness consequently.[ 17 ] Transparency can happen in many state of affairss and contexts. Hood refers to four separate applications of openness including event transparence ( unfastened information in response to crises ) , process transparence ( unfastened information about concern maps and operations that affect crises ) , and real-time transparence ( information released instantly ) , and retrospective transparence ( information released a considerable sum of clip after an issue arises ) .[ 18 ]Drew and Nyerges found that the most effectual transparence determinations were integrated, accessible to stakeholders, clear and concise, logical and rational, true, and accountable.[ 19 ] Arguments for Transparency in Public Relations. Transparency serves to protect single rights and organisational engagement.[ 20 ]Transparency ensures better behaviour on the portion of concerns while assisting to measure public presentation, both critical to organisational answerability.[ 21 ]The public values transparence and as mentioned earlier, expects it in the digital age. In relation to political transparence, Koppell writes that the â€Å" openness of authorities to regular review is so steadfastly ingrained in our corporate consciousness that transparence has unconditioned value. †[ 22 ]One survey found that organisations committed to transparence, besides experiences heightened occupation satisfaction and continuances, innovativeness and accomplishment.[ 23 ]Transparent determinations lead to more informed determinations, because transparence â€Å" promotes improved entree to information as a manner to construct public assurance in the determination procedure and s trengthen credibleness. †[ 24 ] Internal transparence has been studied every bit extensively as transparence for corporate repute intents. Harmonizing to a survey sponsored by the public dealingss house Fleishman Hillard, 27 per centum of the study pool assessed corporate duty based on the organisation ‘s intervention and wellbeing of its employees. In fact, merely three per centum of respondents associated corporate duty with public service and outreach.[ 25 ] Transparency is linked to other corporate issues including efficiency and long-run cost nest eggs. For case, transparence can cut down the demand for doubling attempts, the likeliness that determinations will hold to be revised ( at potentially immense cost ) , and the hazard of possible fiscal punishments. Constructing a sense of battle and engagement among employees goes requires more than compensation. Companies will effectual communications sections strategically inform employees of just wage constructions to keep enthusiasm and committedness internally and make positive perceptual experiences with external stakeholders.[ 26 ]In a universe of examination and instantaneous communicating it is in the best involvement of an organisation to handle its workers good. Arguments Against Transparency in Public Relations. The chief challenge confronting public dealingss professionals in the new media millenary is the legitimacy of information provided through transparence schemes. For case, corporate web site must non be the lone medium for unwraping of import information. Handiness to the Internet is still a job confronting developing states and destitute populaces. Those that have entree may be overwhelmed with excessively much information if the web site is non well-designed. Increased promotion and transparence may besides hold an unsought effect-increased negative imperativeness. All of these possible effects could sabotage legitimacy and make public misgiving.[ 27 ] Another job arises when tactical transparence schemes are combined with bureaucratic or political petitions. In these fortunes, sensitive information may go more creatively controlled, ensuing in an equivocation of duty to the organisation ‘s populaces.[ 28 ]On the other manus, transparence may take to full revelation when â€Å" herd inherent aptitudes take over market determinations. †[ 29 ]Meetings and corporate assemblages, including those webcast may take participants to dissent based on group treatment. This may do group members to take the most popular determinations or concerns, ignoring via media or dialogue. The concluding apprehensiveness noted in transparence literature related to answerability. While transparence does open up the organisations to public reappraisal and unfavorable judgment, it does n't ever do these organisations more accountable.[ 30 ]Critics argue that the ascertained organisations will reorient the information to fit the demands of transp arence without really unwraping organisational worlds.[ 31 ] Traditionally opaque organisations and their leading pose the most concerns about following tactical transparence schemes. For these companies, get the better ofing expostulations is hard because they have benefitted from keep backing information from the populace. Typically these expostulations fall into one of four classs: legal and regulative ( transparence might do it easy to go against internal and external ordinance ) , competitory ( the organisation may lose its competitory advantage by sharing valuable information ) , proficient ( deficiency of resources and to pull off transparence enterprises ) , and investing ( deficiency of clip, money, or substructure ) .[ 32 ] Legal concerns are paramount in our litigious society. It is the function of corporate council to minimise possible legal hazards. Public dealingss practicians working for pharmaceutical companies may be most untalkative in implementing tactical transparence due to the figure of modulating establishments including the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) .[ 33 ]A web log, for case could open drug companies to publicity of off-label indexs ; a ordinance against doing drug recommendations for anything other than FDA-approved conditions would punish the companies and sully corporate reputes.[ 34 ]Competitive concerns, frequently voiced by members of the leading squad, are frequently related to the possible utilizations of information by rivals. In other words, if practicians expose the inner-workings of the organisation, how might the competition usage this information against them?[ 35 ]Technical concerns are frequently voiced by information engineering ( IT ) representatives, because their duties include seting the substructure in topographic point and supervising the web and web sites after building. In order to present societal networking sites, web logs, and video-casts to the intranet, clip and disbursals are spent to prove the applications against the bing substructure.[ 36 ]There is besides a hazard of virus infection whenever employees have entree to networking sites on the Internet.[ 37 ]Cost is a dwindling concern because most societal networking sites require really small capital, but some major corporations still have prohibitions on open-source package applications.[ 38 ]These organisations argue that the benefits do non outweigh the costs of enterprise-level societal media tools.[ 39 ]Case StudiesTransparency as the Right Choice. Every iPod proprietor recognizes Steve Jobs as the face of Apple, Inc. After his rejoinder to Apple, Jobs donned a black polo-neck and bluish denims and reestablished Apple as the industry leader in design and invention. Ap ple ‘s thaumaturgy is portion design and portion strategic secretiveness. Tonss of online fans discuss what new engineerings Apple will let go of and when they will hit the market, so much that sites such as iLounge.net, MacRumors.com, everythingiCafe.com are forums dedicated to these treatments.[ 40 ]However, in September of 2007 when Apple lowered its monetary value of the iPhone from $ 599 to $ 399 to spur holiday gross revenues, on-line recoil from early iPhone purchasers caused a manic tumult.[ 41 ]The â€Å" stupid revenue enhancement, † as the online community nicknamed it, became the act of purchasing early at a higher monetary value, something loyal Apple clients had been making to be the first with the newest engineerings.[ 42 ] Steve Jobs ‘ response was non overtly excusatory, but did turn to the discontent on the portion of loyal clients and even offered a $ 100 recognition at Apple retail and on-line mercantile establishments to iPhone proprietors.[ 43 ]The apology offered in an unfastened missive to Apple clients read: Even though we are doing the right determination to take down the monetary value of iPhone, and even though the engineering route is rough, we need to make a better occupation taking attention of our early iPhone clients as we sharply go after new 1s with a lower monetary value. Our early clients trusted us, and we must populate up to that trust with our actions in minutes like these.[ 44 ] Jobs evidently realized that in this instance, tactical transparence would keep Apple accountable but non unwrap every minutia of concern grounds for dropping the monetary value. For a company who employs transparence as a selling maneuver and for competitory grounds, this really crystalline action was successful because it was good though out. He apologized for the badness of the monetary value bead, provided minimal inside informations about the decision-making procedure, and offered shop credits, showing that follow-through was an of import portion of the apology. The company ‘s repute beforehand ( held in high regard ) provides for an appropriate application of transparence tactics. Finally, Jobs as the CEO was able to implement the recognition procedure before the vacation season and hence retained his extremely valued consumer base.[ 45 ] In the blogosphere, crystalline organisations are being heralded on a day-to-day footing for implementing unfastened tactics. GiveWell.org follows charitable organisations and NGOs with ethical models, including those strategic coverage methods.[ 46 ]One web log entry called Against Malaria Foundation the â€Å" most crystalline developing-world assistance organisation † they ‘d of all time seen.[ 47 ]The organisation, which distributes mosquito cyberspaces in the quest to contend malaria in developing states, is alone in its publication of undertaking inside informations. Many organisations supposedly distribute donated cyberspaces without followup in the parts they service, taking citizens to utilize the mosquito cyberspaces for intents such as catching fish in local Waterss.[ 48 ]There is besides concern about the cost-effectiveness of bringing methods, purchase monetary value, and fund allotment. But the AMF lists all of its plans, by part, day of the month, givers, and position. Website visitants can see to the full elaborate proposals, post-project studies, and transportation records. Donors ‘ gifts correspond to funded, large-scale undertakings.[ 49 ] Many organisations are utilizing micro-blogging services such as Twitter to allow people cognize what they are making. The ability to supervise public conversations and respond about instantly has given organisations an ability to infix themselves into duologue as it occurs, before populaces have the opportunity to go angered or alarm the media. Although these tactics have been perceived as Large Brother actions on juncture, largely populaces are excited that organisations are unfastened to dialoging, listening and responding to concerns in an reliable mode.[ 50 ] When popular film manager Kevin Smith was kicked off of a Southwest Flight because the captain made the call that he was excessively heavy to busy a individual place, Smith told his side of the narrative to his 1.5 million Twitter followings in real-time.[ 51 ]Southwest had already implemented both a company web log and Twitter history and was able to utilize both beginnings to react to the â€Å" Twitter-induced media storm, † what some considered a public dealingss incubus for Southwest.[ 52 ]Southwest acknowledged the event and issued an apology to Smith himself followed by an apology on its web log, Nuts About Southwest. In a web log station titled â€Å" Not So Silent Bob, † a public dealingss representative noted that it was non a customary Southwest method of Customer Relations to work publicly through the ailment procedure, but that the Tweeting call had called for a more crystalline attack.[ 53 ]The station defended the company ‘s initial response, adverting the personal apology it had issued to Smith via Twitter and a phone call instantly after the issue occurred. It besides noted that the flight Smith boarded from Oakland to Burbank was technically standby and that typically Smith purchased two seats on Southwest flights. The most crystalline characteristic of the station was the specificity of the information provided about Southwest ‘s Customer Size policy: Southwest instituted our Customer of Size policy more than 25 old ages ago. The policy requires riders that can non suit safely and comfortably in one place to buy an extra place while going. This policy is non alone to Southwest Airlines and it is non a gross generator. Most, if non all, bearers have similar policies, but alone to Southwest is the refunding of the 2nd place purchased ( if the flight does non oversell ) which is greater than any gross made ( full policy can be found here ) .[ 54 ] JetBlue Airways corporate communications director Morgan Johnston uses Twitter and societal media tools to interact with clients every bit good. When asked why JetBlue follows flyers on Twitter, Johnston responded: With any of the microblogging tools available, people are able to air what they ‘re traveling through at the minute. If you can tap into and observe those types of activities while they ‘re go oning, you can assist them much more instantly. Before they have a opportunity to travel place and fret about it, you can assist them while they ‘re in the thick of the state of affairs. Is n't that better than seeking to retrieve a state of affairs afterwards?[ 55 ] Transparency as the Wrong Choice. In some instances, the truth wo n't put organisations free. Alternatively, it may do greater public misgiving and unfavorable judgment. Amy Jussel, laminitis of ShapingYouth.org, a web log devoted to the impact of marketing on kids, late voiced concerns to Target about an advertisement run picturing a adult female splayed across the celebrated mark form, the dark lantern at her fork. In response, a Target public dealingss representative wrote, â€Å" Unfortunately we are unable to react to your enquiry because Target does non take part with untraditional media mercantile establishments. This pattern is in topographic point to let us to concentrate on publications that reach our nucleus invitee. †[ 56 ] The message that societal media does n't number as a Target policy surely was n't received good by its devoted client base. Target, whose image as a hip and modern-day, low-cost retail mercantile establishment was admiting indifference of web logs, the hip and modern-day, free media channel.[ 57 ]When interviewed for a New York Times article titled â€Å" Target Tells a Blogger to Travel Away, † Amy von Walter, a Target spokeswoman maintained, â€Å" We do non work with bloggers presently. But we have made exclusions and we are reexamining the policy and may set it. †[ 58 ]Target ‘s current policy is to concentrate limited resources and the little public dealingss squad attempts on the large media mercantile establishments, corroborating its prioritization of selling over relationship and repute direction. Target did non draw the ad in response to Jussel ‘s concerns or the blogosphere tumult that followed.[ 59 ]It may hold been smarter to hold to a short int erview with Jussel, a representative of it largest consumer, female parents, alternatively of estranging loyal clients and ignoring societal media mercantile establishments. Lack of Transparency as a Pitfall. Social media crisis response tactics have non been studied to full, but will probably go a major sub-specialization in public dealingss scholarship. Spuring this country of survey are force per unit areas from on-line militant communities and populaces. In the spring of 2010, Nestle was under fire from Greenpeace for purchasing palm oil and utilizing it in merchandises. Greenpeace ‘s Facebook page and YouTube videos depicted Nestle as a protagonist of deforestation and the cause of Orangutan extinction.[ 60 ]Nestle tried to hold one picture associating the Kit Kat saloon to Orangutan extinction removed, claiming the picture violated their hallmark.[ 61 ]This prompted Greenpeace members to post angry comments on Nestle ‘s Facebook page. To protect its page and the company ‘s legal security, Nestle removed the remarks. Although the issue was likely a major corporate concern, Nestle kept its internal deliberation lull which translated into a deficiency of transparence and unconcern.[ 62 ]In this instance its silence spoke volumes about its contempt for the Greenpeace motion. If Nestle had kept its stakeholder populace ( which included militants ) informed of its attempts toward replacing the non-environmentally-conscious merchandises, there might hold been a positive societal media response. Publishing imperativeness released one time a hebdomad may hold worked in the past, but with today ‘s instantaneous information flow, there is no alibi for silence. Although Nestle ‘s stock monetary value did non look to be effected in anyhow, the corporation must still go on to run into Greenpeace criterions and if it falls back on these promises, will probably confront a public dealingss firestorm hard to get the better of.[ 63 ]This is one of the first documented instances of successful environmental activism which took topographic point about wholly in the societal media kingdom.[ 64 ]A Astroturfing is a term used in the public dealingss industry to mention to strategic runs designed to look as self-generated grassroots attempts.[ 65 ]Edelman, the universe ‘s largest independent public dealingss house late practiced astroturfing in a popular web log for Wal-Mart titled, â€Å" walmartingacrossamerica.com † The stations chronicled the cross-country escapade of a couple sing Wal-Mart shops and talking to clients about their shopping experiences. Jim and Laura ‘s first web log station meekly stated: â€Å" We are non bloggers, but since our lives have ever been more journey than finish we are adventurers at heartaˆÂ ¦ . We figured we ‘d give it a spell. †[ 66 ]Laura and Jim ‘s brushs included run intoing Wal-Mart employees, from shop clerks to photogenic executives, who all reported loving their employer and work environment. Critics questioned the genuineness of the run early on. â€Å" Anyone familiar with Wal-Mart and its repute for being quite stingy with rewards and benefits will turn over their eyes at such a rose-colored image, † wrote one Business Week editorialist about the astroturfing world.[ 67 ] The fact that the venture was funded by Working Families for Wal-Mart ( WFWM ) was non publicly disclosed. In this instance, merely saying the fact that the twosome was paid would hold likely saved the traditionally crystalline Edelman from contention.[ 68 ]

How does the first act of the play prepare us for what follows? Essay

The play – Hobson’s Choice sets in late 1880s the Victorian times. If you knew about how do things look like and how people act, you can tell there are lots of differences and things have changed between now and the past. In the past, most of the women were indeed conservative, you can tell that from their costumes. For example, they used to wear very tight, grow bumptious and narrow neck costumes which show that they had no freedom, sometimes they were not even allow to choose their own dresses. However, they were willing to give up their freedoms for beauty. On the other hand, they also emphasized their deportment. Nowadays, women have more freedom, they can wear whatever they want to, and they do not have to wear tight and narrow neck dresses. Furthermore, the marrying age in the old days is around early 20s, but these days the marrying age is between late 20s and early 30s. The play is set in Salford, Lancashire, and the north of England. Hobson is of middle class background but has been running his show shop set in Chapel St, successfully, for some year. Hobson’s shop is quite big. It shows that he has the money to buy a better quality shop. The Hobson’s family is well educated. Also, the trap door shows the social status. Hobson is a really selfish and immature man. He does not care about his daughters’ and he leaves all the works to Maggie and relies to her. He lets her to run the shop and the house, all he cares is when he should goes drinking. He usually goes out at night and stay over until the next morning he comes back for lunch and goes out again. â€Å"He can go on waiting.† This quote shows us that Hobson is an unpunctual man. He doesn’t care how people feel, he cares about only himself. Also, he is extraordinarily lazy. He is so arrogant and he thinks he is better than everyone else. He hates lawyers because its wastes of money and they help people who are supposed to be send into jail. The author tells us that he hates lawyers so this gives us a clue that one of his daughter might marry a lawyer or start a relationship with a lawyer. â€Å"But I’ll tell you this, you’ll none rule me.† This quote demonstrates us that Hobson has a very bossy characteristic. â€Å"You’re pretty, but you’re bumptious, and I hate bumptiousness like I hate a lawyer.† And â€Å"You can lie like a gasmeter.† These quotes tell us that Hobson does not care about his daughters’ feelings; he says whatever he wants to say. Also, he never tries to choose Maggie a husband and he told Alice and Vickey that he is choosing their husband himself. Hobson’s eldest daughter – Maggie, she is 30 and single because of the selfishness of Hobson, he would not let her to find a husband herself but he did not find her a husband. He wants to keep her in the shop to work for him; he does not want to take to responsibility to manage his shop. Hobson often laughs at Maggie’s age as she has already passed the marrying age. â€Å"We’re not here to let people go out without buying.† This quote shows that she is a strong and powerful woman and she is an intelligent business woman. Her character also shows that she is not afraid of her father. Maggie is also Hobson’s favourite daughter. He thinks that Maggie is the most useful to him compare to Alice and Vickey. Maggie is well educated and behaves in a good manner which shows that she is a respectable woman. She takes good care of her sister and cares about them. However, she also cares about Will, but in a different way, this shows that she has feelings for him. As Maggie has a really strong personality, she might have a fight with Hobson later on. Hobson’s second daughter – Alice, she is 23 and with Albert. She helps Maggie to cook and to clean the house but not the business. She despises people; she also often scorns Maggie and reminds her that she has passed the marrying age. This shows that she maybe doesn’t get on really well with Maggie. â€Å"Mr. Prosser didn’t come in to buy boots.† This quote tells us that Maggie has a special relationship with Mr. Prosser, and she assumed that Maggie knew it. Hobson’s youngest daughter – Vickey, she is 21 and with Fred. She is a bit impatient and fidgety, she is the bad one in the family. If things are bad and negative to her, she gives bad comments and tries to make it bad. Vicky also despises people and full of herself. â€Å"Father, have you heard the new about out Maggie?† This quote shows that Vickey wasn’t being very nice to her sister, Maggie. As she knows that if Hobson knows about Will and Maggie, he will definitely stop them. To conclude, I think since the author provides enough clues for us, it prepares us really well for the next chapter. Therefore, this makes me really want to read on as I wanted to know what is going to happen next, and also makes me got really interested in this book.

Crime And The Criminal Justice System - 1812 Words

Since my research question is based on crime and the criminal justice system, I needed to find a data sample that could give me a wide presentation of offenders, victims, and crimes. Looking at how police act before and after a suspect is taken into custody could be very helpful towards the answering of my research question. With roughly eleven seasons of Criminal Minds, it offers one of the best possible ways in order to gain the information and knowledge of how TV crime drama are depicting offenders, victims, crime and the criminal justice system. Criminal Minds is based on people who work for the Behavioral Analysis Unit, a subsection of the FBI, based out of Quantico, Virginia. Called in to assist local police departments, the BAU†¦show more content†¦African American offenders are not over-represented in TV crime drama like they are on news networks. Nevertheless, one common theme that all of the episodes had in common was the fact that all offenders had some sort of pa st trauma that turned them into the killers they presently were. In one episode in particular, a female killer started to abduct and torture other females because that’s what she went through. She felt she was getting back at the people who did it to her but was actually hurting innocent victims. In all of the episodes I watched, whether it be about missionary or hedonistic killers, or male or female serial killers, they all had been either abused, forgotten, or left by the ones they loved which caused them to enter the cycle of violence. In season two, episode three of Criminal Minds, a female serial killer was physically, emotionally and mentally abused and assaulted at a young age, ultimately resulting in her becoming a sadistic abductor who watches her victims being tortured and raped by her dominated partner. Reid, one of the agents of the BAU says â€Å"this is a rare case where the abused actually became the abuser... it’s a 1 in 8 occurrence.† Not only i s it rare for a serial killer to be female, but for a person who was abused to actually inflict what she felt on others is around twelve percent. After watching episodes to gain more insight and knowledge into how the BAU works, I

Media s Influence On Social Media - 1433 Words

Participating in the creative world of media has been a tradition and a necessity for me since I was a young girl. Television channels like Nickelodeon, Disney, and MTV have become popular and innovative television channels that consistently develops creative and interactive ways to consume media messages. By watching broadcasting programs and television series, I learn something new or valuable that I can then impress upon to someone else. This connectivity and deeper understanding I have to television production and media have implanted my desire to pursue a profession Television and Entertainment Media industry. While other Millenials may view social media and television services as a way of relaxation or fantastical escape, I have†¦show more content†¦While I do enjoy live entertainment shows, award shows, and late night entertainment shows – I believe there is a cry for more media to talk about certain dispositions and purposeful events that can benefit and infor m a large audience. As a Communications major, I have taken specific courses to that highlight the shifts and obstacles for Media Businesses to interact and retain their audiences. My major relates to having a Television and Film career because as media becomes more digital, it is important to have knowledge of current and possible future media trends for that may affect or influence a media business to operate. Currently, I am taking a course called MSS 345: Media Audiences and Users. In this class, I learn about the motivations and gratifications about why people participate in online media outlets and view certain television genres. We look at different types of media theories that use qualitative and quantitative research to understand how audiences are interacting with media, and how media companies and news business are using statistical information to track and attract audiences to their media platforms. Specifically, I learn about the motivations, gratifications and uses about how people create, select, and interact with online and some traditional Communications channels. I have also taken Journalism related courses includingShow MoreRelatedThe Media s Influence On Social Media1588 Words   |  7 Pagesresult of media consumption. Social media is an ever-growing and fast developing means of communication in society, and with the vast amount of new technology constantly transforming on the market, the empowered consumer is just a click away from accessing almost anything. The internet itself has opened up a new spectrum and has trained us to expect to gain information on demand at any time and from anywhere. talk about facebook more a bit ---- This essay considers how empowered media audiencesRead MoreSocial Media s Influence On Education1119 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Media Through Time: Over 75% of all internet users use social media today. Eleven years ago, only 7% of American adults used social media sites. Social media is a type of online communication used to create, share, or exchange information available to anyone.Today, social media affects our lives in many ways; sometimes without us knowing. Social media sites affect education, society, relationships, advertising, job professions, etc. However, it’s not always for the best. Evolution of SocialRead MoreSocial Media s Influence On Society1710 Words   |  7 Pagesnew social issue began to surface. As the internet rapidly gained international popularity, new branches of it were created. Currently, Social media dominates the internet world. Merriam-Webster dictionary defines social media as,  ¨forms of electronic communication (as Web sites for social networking and microblogging) through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content (as videos)† (www.merriam-webster.com). The sudden rise of social media’sRead MoreFacebook s Influence On Social Media1035 Words   |  5 PagesStephen Han Dr. Christopher T. Nielson 11/24/14 Communicating Facebook Facebook has grown to be one of the biggest social media sites in the world. It connects people to society. Especially when in a long distance relationship with friends/family, Facebook allows us to continue to communicate. Although Facebook is very efficient, fast, and continues to update to make it fun and more easy to use, it will never become as open and natural as actual in-person communication. In-person communication allowsRead MoreSocial Media s Influence On Marketing914 Words   |  4 PagesDepending on the virtual assistant you hire, bookkeeping and accounting may be their forte. Marketing Help These days it is hard to underestimate the importance of marketing. Effective marketing is key to success, especially in real estate. But social media marketing, content marketing, and ad development and purchasing can all be very time consuming. †¢ Content Marketing o We all know that content is king. We also know, or at least should, that unless you are constantly posting new content to yourRead MoreSocial Media s Influence On Women1249 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout history women specifically have felt the need to change their physical appearance in order to be accepted by societies beauty ideal. Social media has influenced women to believe that the word â€Å"beauty† defines the outward appearance according to the internets definition — â€Å"beauty is a combination of qualities, such as shape, color, or form, that pleases the aesthetic senses, especially the sight.† The definition itself allows anyone to mistakenly interpret the word â€Å"beauty† to determineRead MoreSocial Media s Influence On Society920 Words   |  4 PagesPersonally, I have always been a little late to the social media game. By the time I get the most popular form of social media, a newer, better version has been released. The first form of social media that I ever encountered was a website in 2006 called Club Penguin, where people could create penguins to represent themselves and go chat with any other penguin online at the time. While this isn’t what we think of as a social media website today, it had some similar aspects, especially in terms ofRead MoreFacebook s Influence On Social Media Essay1736 Words   |  7 Pagespervasive social media platforms by offering users a wide variety of features free of charge. In western countries, almost everyone knows what Facebook is, or knows someone on the social media website. However, what users fail to recognise is they are compromising their personal data for the purpose of advertising. The raises the main concern of exploitation through Facebook’s advertising techniques, alongside issues of privacy and self-obsession. In the early days of the World Wide Web, many social mediaRead MoreFacebook s Influence On Social Media1549 Words   |  7 PagesWith rapid advancements in technology, social media has become more accessible to people allowing them to spend a great amount of time on social media. Types of social media include Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, Instagram, and Tumblr. However, it wasn’t long before Facebook became one of the most used types of social media compared to others with about 1.15 billion users (Crowell 11). Reasons as to why Facebook has become more popular include that it allows people to do many things such as postingRead MoreSocial Media s Influence On Hate Crime1348 Words   |  6 Pagesare provoking hate, and crime-politics is the second burning issue that results in disorder in the nation. The media outlets and social networks which are located abroad are never claimed for disorder by the laws and regulations of the victim nation or ethnic group. Unfortunately, it i s hard to know in advance whether a conflict will be gradual or sudden. â€Å"The Internet and social media networks are not under any sort of inspection against racist ideas, hate or abusive speech in the name of freedom

Kumon Educational Institute - 1244 Words

Final Case Study – Kumon Educational Institute USA Upon careful review and analysis of the current situation of the Kumon Institute USA it is clear that there are several problems that should be addressed in order for Kumon Institute to succeed in the US market. Although Kumon has been in existence in the US for 10 years now, you have still not implemented a corporate global strategy which will allow for success in the US. You’re currently operating in the same manner as is the Japanese operations, and as a result the same business level strategy that worked in Japan will not provide the same results in the US. Any company seeking expansion at the multinational level must implement a strategy based on analysis of the local†¦show more content†¦To date Kumon has operated with the program unchanged from the Japanese business model and this is clearly not conducive to the US educational system. The US educational system is a much more rewards based system used to motivate the students to work and to improve the students self discipline therefore, if Kumon is indeed determined to grow market share outside of the Asian American culture it will be important to understand what works to motivate and encourage self discipline here in the US. In addition, the change to family culture necessary for the Kumon program’s success should also be considered with the consultant as this is an area where commitment is hard to maintain due to different lifestyles, whereby both parents often work long hours outside the home and will have a difficult time committing to the demands placed on them by the Kumon program. Depending on the direction determined, for example will Kumon focus on just the Asian population, or will they conduct a full national campaign. So, now in place is a vision and strategy, so in order to make this vision reality Kumon must implement the strategy through the use of marketing and advertising campaign that will build awareness of Kumon, appeal to it’s target consu mer. In addition, they should focus on gaining the respect of local teachers so that they can assist in word of mouth campaign. With that in mind, IShow MoreRelatedNegotiation and Culture: Case Study24152 Words   |  97 Pagesinteresting theory stated by Kumon Shumpei, a Japanese anthropologist, characterizes Japanese as contextualists rather than collectivists, as is the case in both Hofstede and Hall’s studies. A contextualist retains a personal identity, which the collectivist probably loses, but this personal identity is virtually inseparable from the contextual identity. Thus, the individual changes, depending on the context he is in or the people he is with. One of the arguments Kumon makes to support the theory

Transaction Costs And The Sharing Economy -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Transaction Costs And The Sharing Economy? Answer: Introduction Sharing economy refers to all sorts of social and economic activity involving the online transactions. Online transactions are an open source community where sharing of access to goods and services takes place on peer-to-peer basis. The phrase "sharing economy" started to trend in the beginning of 2000s, when the factors like Recession, new social technologies, increase in the global population growth and resource depletion had led new business structures to emerge.(Hamari, Sjklint and Ukkonen 2016). In this economy, the trancations are made over the internet resulting in reduction in the transaction cost. Companies like Uber, Airbnb and many more are evolving as the most suitable service providers at present. Uber provides transportation services and through Airbnb, one can book hotels and rental rooms in any part of the world sitting at a particular location. Network Effect and Transaction Cost The network effect is the phenomenon where the number of user of a particular good or service is increased day by day and the value commodity to its customer increases. The rise of the internet along with the craze for the social media has made a platform of network effect, through which one can get service through just a touch of a button (Boudreau and Jeppesen 2015). Transaction cost or substation effect on the other hand refers to the cost that is incurred to enter into a transaction. It includes all the indirect cost attached to obtain the good or the service. Expenses like communication fees, legal charges, and informational cost are termed under transaction cost Reflection on the network effect and transaction cost of the Sharing Economy The evolution of the various online applications and social media led to the rise of sharing economy. One can get the service at any time and at any place just by opening the website. The variety of service provided and along with the quality of service is much better than the regular markets (Telles 2016) The transaction cost included in the sharing economy is low, as it does not include any expenditure other than the internet charges. The network effect of the sharing industry like the Uber and Airbnb is rising tremendously at present. Uber provide transport facilities at the doorstep with affordable rates. Similarly, due to no transaction cost, Airbnb offers cheap hotel rates cost ranges from 30%-60% less than usual traditional room rates in the hotel industries across the world, making them reach the peak. The Airbnb model in numerous ways diversifies the usual trends of the traditional hotel industries (Haywood 2016). The different companies at present are adapting this new online technology and are facing a huge competition with the sharing industry and thus providing goods and services easily to the customers through online applications. It has been observed that the consumer satisfaction and the network effect is high in case of these industries. A rational consumer will always take the advantage of the low cost and easily available service rather than the spending more on the transaction cost (Hansen and Windekilde 2016). Booking flights, shopping, hotels and even transport at door steeps are available online. Due to globalization, one can easily obtain any service or good easily from any location. The world has become smaller and life has become easier due to this network of industries. Moreover, the number of options available is more as there is a huge variety of display in the websites of the companies. To elaborate more on the network effect and the transaction cost of these sharing industry I would like to narrate an own experience while I was returning from Muscat for some official work. I missed my late night flight and there was no flight available to my home within 24 hours. I have no relatives at Muscat and there was limited cash available with me. I had no idea where to go and spend the night in such a secluded area near the airport. The nearby hotels available were too costly. Therefore, I decided to use the airbnb for rooms for the first time. Immediately after opening the app from my phone, I got a list of good number of hotels nearby. The ones that were out of my reach in terms of rates were also offering lodging at affordable price through Airbnb. These industries have links with the hotels and provide the service to its users at their rates. Restaurants were also available along with the hotels. Since then I have been a regular user of the Airbnb where I get all types luxury rooms at friendly rates and in every location. Traveling has now become hustle free and economical. Without any transaction, cost just by clicking a button, rooms, flights and hospitality service is available online. Life has become easy because of this wide networking of the sharing economy. Conclusion There is a tremendous rise in the network effect and growth rate of the sharing economy; the regulators in countries across the world are facing several new challenges due to the uniqueness of the sharing economy. These sectors have an inherent motive to encourage a competition that would eventfully lead to innovation, better quality products along with services at lower price due to minimization of transaction cost. References Hamari, J., Sjklint, M. and Ukkonen, A., 2016. The sharing economy: Why people participate in collaborative consumption.Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology,67(9), pp.2047-2059. Haywood, J., 2016, October 11. New Airbnb data sheds light on 13 global markets. Hotel News Now, p.1. Retrieved February 16, 2017 Telles, R. J., 2016. Digital Matching Firms : A New Definition in the Sharing Economy Space. ESA Issue Brief, (0116), 127. Retrieved February 16, 2017, Boudreau, K.J. and Jeppesen, L.B., 2015. Unpaid crowd complementors: The platform network effect mirage.Strategic Management Journal,36(12), pp.1761-1777. Hansen Henten, A. and Maria Windekilde, I., 2016. Transaction costs and the sharing economy.info,18(1), pp.1-15.

Maggie A Girl Of The Streets Essays - Maggie A Girl Of The Streets

Maggie: A Girl Of The Streets Maggie and Jimmie are two siblings being raised within the slums of New York City in the Stephen Crane novel; Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. The parents of these two are constantly fighting as broken furniture and fistfights are an everyday occurance in the decrepid family apartment. The mother and father fight while their children hide frightened as There was a clash against the door and something broke into clattering fragments .... (Jimmie) heard howls and curses, groans and shrieks, confusingly in chorus as if a battle were raging (11). Crane exxagerates the furniture destruction as every night when the two parents battle, seemingly all the furniture in the apartment is destroyed. Obviously, this poor family couldn't afford to fix and/or buy new furniture everyday. This then is the environment that Maggie and Jimmie struggle with throughout the novel, but both respond to in opposite ways. Maggie dreams of a better life than of her roots while Jimmie excepts his roots and becomes nihilistic. However, the hope of Maggie sadly goes unfulfilled. Maggie is introduced into the storyline quite subtle and quickly becomes the main focus of attention by the other three main characters. From the beginning, Maggie is a harsh contrast to the slum environment she has to endure. She blossomed in a mud puddle ... a most rare and wonderful production of a tenement district, a pretty girl (16) that not only had the physical beauty that her family seemed to lack, but also the hope that she could be better than what was around in her environment. Therefore, the slum environment that surrounds her contrasts her character greatly. None of the dirt of Rum Alley was in her veins (16) as she became the talk of numerous males in the neighborhood. Pete; an acquaintance of Jimmie, became Maggie's infatuation. They meet when Pete is called to the Johnson apartment by Jimmie after Pete promised to attend a boxing match with him. Although only a bartender, Maggie finds Pete as a man of personal superiority (17) that is capable of providing her with any dream she desires. She views the contrast between Pete and her environment when: The broken furniture, grimy walls, and general disorder and dirt of her home all of a sudden appeared before her and began to take a potential aspect. Pete's aristocratic person looked as if it might soil. She looked keenly at him, occasionally, wondering if he was feeling contempt .... Maggie perceived that here was the beau ideal of a man. (19) Therefore, Pete is the infatuation of Maggie because she has never known anything or anyone better than of her environment. Pete; although somewhat sly and charming, isn't the best that Maggie could do. However, a rather normal hustler such as Pete is practically god-like compared to her rotten state of life. In the above quote, Crane hints in Maggie's lack of self-confidence. Although Maggie does have hope to exit the slums, she is embarrased by the condition in which she lives as she fears that Pete is looking at her with contempt. Once Pete notices Maggie he doesn't waste anytime in taking her out on the town. An average night for them is watching an entertainment of many hues and many melodies (21) and other various performance acts. Maggie grows more feelings for him after wining and dining around all the local dinner halls and concerts. Pete continues to impress upon Maggie at these outings as she begins to conger visions of Pete having some half dozen women in love with him .... he must live in a blare of pleasure. He had friends and people who were afraid of him (21). Her hopes of an extravagant life grow rapidly while with Pete. This relationship builds to the point where Maggie decides to move out of her family apartment and in with Pete. Not that Maggie can be blamed for wishing this as even after the death of the father, Jimmie and the mother still bicker and break furniture as Jimmie had grown large enough to take the vague position of head of the family (17). Jimmie virtually replaces his father at this point in the novel as he stumbled