April Morning by Howard Fast Book Review Essay Example for Free

April Morning by Howard Fast Book Review Essay The book April Morning by Howard Fast is a dramatic story of the bloody battle of Lexington set up with a one day structure from the view of a fifteen year old boy turning into a man. In the book we see the life of Adam Cooper changing from child to man in the matter of one day. Each chapter is a different time period of the day telling us what has happened and what the effects were on his life. Adam Cooper is a fifteen-year-old boy living in colonial Lexington, Massachusetts with his family. He feels demoralized by his father, Moses Cooper, but finds consolation from Granny Cooper, his paternal grandmother. When a meeting of the township Committee is called on the evening of April 18th, Adam wishes to attend but his father questions whether or not his son is a man and has earned the right to attend the meeting. Instead of attending the meeting, Adam visits his neighbor Ruth Simmons, a distant relative whom he loves whom he loves and sees himself marrying in the distant future. When his father returns home from the meeting, Adam eavesdrop as Moses tells his wife Sarah and Granny Cooper what happened, as the colonial communities prepare for a possible confrontation with the British army. During the late night early morning, a rider arrives in Lexington, waking up the community with news that the British army is on the march to Concord to take out supplies and ammunition that is being stored by colonists for a possible rebellion. Once the news of the night rider reaches the town the committeemen hold a muster for the militia, and Adam decides to sign the muster book and commit to fighting for the militia. His father is present when he is signing the muster and allows for it to happen. Moses Cooper no longer sees his son as a boy but as a determined man willing to fight for his family and community. Both Adam and his father prepared themselves for the battle and a total of seventy militia men wait for the arrival of the British army. Moses Cooper argues persuasively with the committeemen that the small number of men can’t stand up to the thousands of Redcoat troops they will be greeting alone, and so its decided that they will state their case but do no more; they decide to talk it out rather than to fight. However when the British finally reach Lexington, the officers are sneeringly dismissive of the colonists and tell them to leave the common and a mysterious shot is fired causing the British troops to begin firing on the colonists. The British massacred the small militia that stood in front of them, and Adam watched as his father and other men he had known his entire life be shot down. Adam hides in terror and cannot go home because of the British troops in town and it is unsafe. Adam is off to the woods to find the rest of the militia and he is almost discovered by British soldiers, but before they do so are called away to march towards Concord. Adam runs from the British and is shot at by redcoats, only to be caught in the grip of an older colonial man named Solomon Chandler, who helps Adam and provides him with some consolation and food. Adam joins Chandler on his journey to meet up with more members of colonial militias. Along the way, other colonists join the two, also ready to fight the British. Once at the pasture, Adam is greeted by Cousin Simmons and The Reverend, and is relieved that others from the Lexington militia had survived. Though the various town committees and militia have general instructions, there isnt a single leader chosen to lead the battle. It was a confused time for the colonists fighting and finally Chandler guides them and instructs the men waiting at the pasture to split up into groups according to the firing range of their weapons. Adam and the other men in his group lay under the brush and fire at the redcoats, Adams gun does not reach a far distance so he does not shoot but watches instead; he see the burning of Lexington and the bloodshed of the redcoats. Through the mist of all of the battle Adam seems to fall asleep leaving everyone to believe that he is wounded and dead. When Adam wakes up he finds that the battle has moved to a distant location; he hears Cousin Simmons and The Reverend talking, meets them, and they all agree to go home to Lexington, or what is left of it. Once home Adam is greeted with relief and happiness by the surviving members of his family and others from the town. Adam is now treated like a fully-grown man when he was only recently considered a simple child to everyone. Adam makes peace with his fathers corpse, and then helps to carry the casket to the church. At the church Adam lights some extra candles so his father won’t have to rest in the dark of night. Cousin Simmons makes sure that Adam is aware this battle was only the start, and that he must consider his other responsibilities as the new head of household when deciding if hell continue to fight. When Adam returns home his mother is already asleep but Granny Cooper is awake and says she knows he will go back into battle eventually. He puts off the question for the time being, and is relieved to finally go to sleep and end this momentous day. The book is a great and quick read being that it is only 202 pages long. The text gets you involved and makes it feel as if you are there with Adam Cooper through the battles and his day. You feel as if you are standing next to Adam while on the field holding your riffle awaiting the battles. The pressures and emotions that the boy is going through as he transitions into an adult are heartfelt and many people can relate to Adam in some ways. The pressure of becoming a man over night and resuming all these responsibilities he never had to deal with before is a struggle that many can relate too. I personally would definitely recommend this book to my peers as well as to younger and older audiences. This book in my opinion was very good in the fact that it drew me in and kept me wanting to read more as the story went on. I don’t usually like reading and the fact that this book makes me want to keep reading and not stop till it was finished in my opinion makes this a good book. Fast is a great author and knows how to draw in an audience. Overall this was a great book and I would definitely recommend it to all.

Perfect Competition And Its Characteristics Economics Essay

Perfect Competition And Its Characteristics Economics Essay Firstly, below there I will discuss about the chapter of monopoly, its definition, characteristics and its diagram. Monopoly have separated to four terms it is included one seller and large number of buyers, no close substitute, restriction of entry of new firms and the last is advertising. Monopoly has differentiated into two types of monopoly; it is included of natural monopoly and government-created monopoly. Natural monopoly means that one firm can provide the lowest cost compared to the other two or more firms that could not provide. Government create monopolies is to avoid firms that they want to entrance into a market. In my conclusion, it can let me deeply understanding and learning about what is monopoly. Monopolist is the price marker it is the only seller or producer in the market so that it has the own right and power to contain the price. I will be discussing perfect competition, monopolist competition, oligopoly and the last of monopoly and those of it characteristics in the market. What are the standard to be in those of the perfect and monopolist competition even through oligopoly and monopoly in the market? In my conclusion, I can deeply understand and learned about the fourth of containing perfect competition, monopolist competition, oligopoly and monopoly. Above on, those of the classes also have their own characteristics in the market. Content Page 1.0 Introduction Question 1 1.1 Answer Question 1 1.2 Monopoly and its characteristics 1.3 One seller and large number of buyers 1.4 No close substitution 1.5 Restriction of entry of new firms 1.6 Monopoly Diagram 1.7 Conclusion Question 1 2.0 Introduction Question 2 2.1 Answer Question 2 2.2 Perfect Competition and its characteristics 2.3 Large number of buyers and sellers 2.4 Homogenous or standardized product 2.5 Free of entry and exit 2.6 Role of non-price competition 2.7 Perfect knowledge of the market 2.8 Absence of transport cost 2.9 Monopolist Competition and its characteristics 2.10 Large number of seller and buyers 2.11 Product differentiation 2.12 Easy entry and exit 2.13 Non-price competition 2.14 Selling cost 2.15 Oligopoly and its characteristics 2.16 Few numbers of firms 2.17 Homogenous or differentiated product 2.18 Barriers to entry 2.19 Monopoly and its characteristics 2.20 One seller and large number of buyers 2.21 No close substitute 2.22 Restriction of entry of new firms 2.23 Conclusion Question 2 3.0 References 4.0 Appendices 1.0 Introduction Question 1 Firstly, below there I will discuss about the chapter of monopoly, its definition, characteristics and its diagram. Monopoly have separated to four terms it is included one seller and large number of buyers, no close substitute, restriction of entry of new firms and the last is advertising. Finally, Monopoly has differentiated into two types of monopoly; it is included of natural monopoly and government-created monopoly. Answer Question 1 Monopoly and its characteristics Monopoly is refers to a small firm or is the only producer and seller of a good that has no close substitute. Below here we will start to discuss about the monopoly characteristics. 1.3 One seller and large number of buyers Monopoly appearance or survive in the market when there is only seller of a product. Monopoly industry only firm in the business line to selling a product which has no similar substitute. So normally there is no discrepancy between a firm and an industry in monopoly because there is only one seller in the market. 1.4 No close substitute Monopoly industry would sell a goods or product which has no similar substitute. It means that consumers or buyers could not find any similar substitute for the product in the market. 1.5 Restriction of entry of new firms In a monopoly market, there are rigorous obstacles to the entrance of a new industry or a firm. Obstacles have entrance are physical and legal restraints that stint the entrance of new firms into the industry. A monopolist confronts no emulation because of obstacles of entrance. 1.6 Monopoly Diagram F:Sem3Micro assignmentmonopolyprofits1.gif Above on is the diagram of monopoly and I will explain about it below here. The profit maximizing output may be sold at Price P1 above the average cost AC at output Q1. The industry is producing unusual monopoly profits display by the yellow shaded area. The area of below ATC1 that displays the total cost of producing output Qm. Total cost amounts average overall cost multiplied by the output. 1.7 Conclusion Question 1 In my conclusion, it can let me deeply understanding and learning about what is monopoly. Monopoly in the market that is the only seller and has large number of buyers and selling the products that has no similar substitute and have a higher entrance and exit obstacle. Monopolist is the price marker it is the only seller or producer in the market so that it has the own right and power to contain the price. 2.0 Introduction Question 2 I will be discussing perfect competition, monopolist competition, oligopoly and the last of monopoly and those of it characteristics in the market. What are the standard to be in those of the perfect and monopolist competition even through oligopoly and monopoly in the market? I will also discussing those of its characteristics function and effect in the market. 2.1 Answer Question 2 2.2 Perfect Competition and its characteristics Perfect competition is referring to the market in which there are many buyers and sellers, the products are homogeneous and the sellers may readily join and leave from the market. 2.3 Large number of buyers and sellers The amount of a single seller sells in a market is so tiny emulated to the integrated industry. For examples, in an agricultural industry, there are thousands of duck producers in Thailand. Each industry producers have exclusive that containing a tiny of fraction of the overall agricultural firm. Even the industry increases its production; it also does not influence much on the entire firm, so that no one industry or seller can affect the price of the product in the market. 2.4 Homogenous or standardized product The consumers do not distinguish the products of one seller to another seller. For examples, the consumers cannot distinguish the duck sold in the industry A and industry B, so the industry cannot change distinct prices for the equally product in the market. 2.5 Free of entry and exit There is no restraint on enter into a new firms to the industry or leave the firms form the industry. For example, every industry who expect to open up a boutique can manipulate the business if he/ she has the essential elements of the production as the currently industry. Even if any industry worries about deficits it can exit the firm without any rules or restraints. 2.6 Role of non-price competition Selling cost are the expenses for expend to raise the sale of a product or raise the requirement for that product. For examples, we will not see any commercial in the mass media that broadcast about duck or floras specifically without any brand. 2.7 Perfect knowledge of the market Sellers and buyers also need to know the price of charged by others sellers in the market. For example, Phil has all of the information needed to grow Aloe vela. This is the similar information possessed by Becky, Dan, Alicia, and the other great number of aloe vela producers. Phil also knows that the going price of aloe vela is 50 cents. All of the aloe vela buyers know that the going price is fifty cents. 2.8 Absence of transport cost In perfect competition it is supposed that many companies task so occlude to each other that there are no any transport costs. 2.9 Monopolist Competition and its characteristics Monopolist competition is a market construction in which there are major numbers of small sellers betray distinguish products but there are occlude substitute products and it is liable join and leave from the market. Below here I would like to share about monopolist competition characteristics, and its have separate to five terms of specific. 2.10 Large number of seller and buyers In the monopolist competition market there are the major number of industries are retaining. For examples, by the shampoo firms, the prices for a 500ml shampoo scope among brands have included Sunsilk, Pantene, Loreal Professionals and other well industries. 2.11 Product differentiation Product differentiation it means the products of the firm is selling or producing that are deeply not similar. For example, if the foods are sold in open skin, then the fruits are in perfect competition market. But if the same fruits are packaged in a box and labeled as Health fruits, then this product is in monopolistic competition. 2.12 Easy entry and exit Any new industry that would join in an industry must find certain discrimination with the existing brands. For example, if Sunsilk shampoo wants to join into the shampoo firm, this industry must find certain distinct in terminology of diathesis, smell, model or labeling in order to be monopolistic competition. 2.13 Non-price competition Classes of non-price competition fulfills in monopolist competition market are included commercials, promotion, rebates, free gifts, after sales services and many others. For example, the opponent industries contend with each other through commercial by which they alter the buyers wants for their products and fascinate more buyers. 2.14 Selling cost Selling cost can be referring to expenses produce to fascinate buyers towards a special brand. For example, by these ways, the industry attempts to make a beneficial divert in requirement for the product and attempts to capture the market. 2.15 Oligopoly and its characteristics Oligopoly is a market construction in which there are exclusive a few industries selling either demarcated or distinguished products and it limits the entrance into the exit from the market. Oligopoly has a few of the characteristics and it will be discussed below the following. 2.16 Few numbers of firms Inside oligopoly the number of industries is small but size of the industries is large. For example, is premeditating oligopolistic if the top five industries produce half the firms overall yield. 2.17 Homogenous or differentiated product A product sold below oligopoly can be probably a homogeneous or a distinct product. For example, computer or household products implements produced by one firm are similar to another firm. Same as the petroleum sold by Malaysia is unanimous to the petroleum by Middle East countries like Iran, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. 2.18 Barriers to entry These unusual characteristics also provide assists in distinguishing an oligopolistic market from a monopolistic market, if a new industry be able to join in a monopolistic market and decrease advantage of the large industry. For examples, as a new industry attempt the imaginary telecommunications market deliberated earlier it will have to contend against already subsisting brand names, install a creating unit without certain initial sales or revenue from the business and it will need to come over with innovative production skills to support it in the long run. 2.19 Monopoly and its characteristics Monopoly is refers to a small firm or is the only producer and seller of a good that has no close substitute. 2.20 One seller and large number of buyers Monopoly industry only firm in the business line to selling a product which has no similar substitute. So normally there is no discrepancy between a firm and an industry in monopoly because there is only one seller in the market. Monopolist is a price marker means that there is only a seller and producer and it has the own right and powerful to control over the price in the market. 2.21 No close substitute It means that consumers or buyers could not find any similar substitute for the product in the market. For examples, Indah water it is the only seller of provided consumers or buyers for their water resources in the daily life and it is no similar substitute in the market. 2.22 Restriction of entry of new firms In a monopoly market, there are rigorous obstacles to the entrance of a new industry or a firm. Obstacles have entrance are physical and legal restraints that stint the entrance of new firms into the industry. A monopolist confronts no emulation because of obstacles of entrance. Perfect competition and monopolist competition are distinct to each other in that they depict deeply distinct markets scripts that relate distinct in prices, standard of emulation, number of market players, and classes of products sold. The definition of monopoly is one firm in the marketplace selling a special product. An oligopoly is a small body of an industry includes the market for a unusual product. In the fact, there can be several, or especially many smaller contestants to a monopoly or an oligopoly, but monopolist or oligopoly also contains the extensive share of the market. For example, criterion oil duplicity drove new participants out of the market before its break up. 2.23 Conclusion Question 2 In my conclusion, I can deeply understand and learned about the fourth of containing perfect competition, monopolist competition, oligopoly and monopoly. Above on, those of the classes also have their own characteristics in the market.

Essay --

â€Å"Ilmu pengetahuan tanpa nilai-nilai yang mulia belum tentu dapat melahirkan masyarakat yang baik dan berjaya. Nilai-nilai yang mulia tanpa ilmu pengetahuan juga tidak akan melahirkan masyarakat yang berjaya†. Begitulah ungkapan kata-kata bestari oleh mantan Perdana Menteri kita, Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad, Bapa Pemodenan Negara yang merupakan salah satu daripada pencetus kegemilangan dunia pendidikan negara. Selamat pagi dan Salam 1 Malaysia saya ucapkan kepada: Pengerusi Majlis, Yang Amat Berhormat Datuk Johan Ashaari bin Murti, Menteri Pendidikan merangkap Timbalan Perdana Menteri. Yang Berhormat Datuk Romario Ansam anak Rungah, Timbalan Menteri Pendidikan. Yang Amat Berhormat Pehin Sri Maher Zain, Ketua Menteri. Yang Berhormat Freddy Jabu anak Jugah, Timbalan Ketua Menteri. Yang Berhormat Datuk Halimah, Menteri Tugas-tugas Khas Dalam Negeri berkaitan Pendidikan. Yang Berhormat Datuk-datuk dan Datin-datin. Yang Berbahagia Datuk Ariffin Faiq, Ketua Pengarah Pendidikan. Yang Berbahagia Datuk Sabri bin Rahmat, Rektor IPGM. Yang Dihormati Encik Hafiz Azman, Pengarah Pendidikan Negeri. Yang Berusaha Puan Saftuyah binti Safri, Pengarah Institut Pendidikan Guru Tunku Abdul Rahman. Pengarah-pengarah IPGK dan Wakil-wakil Pengarah IPGK. Yang Berusaha Encik Amir bin Jamal, Timbalan Pengarah Institut Pendidikan Guru Tunku Abdul Rahman. Ketua-ketua Jabatan Persekutuan dan Negeri. Ketua-ketua Jabatan dan Ketua-ketua Unit Institut Pendidikan Guru Tunku Abdul Rahman. Pensyarah-pensyarah Kanan. Para Pensyarah. Staf-staf Sokongan. Para Graduan. Para Ibu Bapa. Tuan-tuan dan Puan-puan dekat di hati. Tegak rumah kerana tiangnya, tegak bumi kerana paksinya, tegaknya saya di sini adalah untuk menyampaikan sebuah pidato yang bertajuk â€Å"Kecemerla... ...unyai muhasabah diri, mereka mampu mencipta nama dan berjaya di peringkat global. Tuan-tuan dan puan-puan yang dihormati sekalian, Sedarkah anda bahawa percubaan dan uji kaji ribuan kali telah dilakukan oleh Thomas Adison untuk mencipta lampu yang dapat kita nikmati faedahnya sehingga ke hari ini? Tahukah anda bahawa Colonel Sandera telah bersusah payah siang dan malam untuk mencipta resepi rahsia KFC nya sehingga semua kita yang pada hari ini menjamahnya sehingga menjilat jari? Sikap sebeginilah yang wajar diambilkan sebagai contoh dan panduan sekiranya kita ingin betul-betul cemerlang dalam akademik bahkan kehidupan kita seharian. Antara rahsia kejayaan orang-orang yang hebat ini ialah kepatuhan kepada disiplin. Lihatlah wahai dunia bahawa orang-orang yang berdisiplin ini yang akan menggoncang dunia! Bak kata pepatah, â€Å"siapa yang menuai, dia akan dapat hasilnya†.

A Life Lived Well! Essay -- Literary Analysis, Hawthorne

In The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne there are many symbols in his novel. According to Laurence Prerrine defines â€Å"[a] literary symbol [as] something that means more than what it is. It is an object, a person, a situation, an action, or some other item that has a literal meaning as well.† Hawthorne uses a physiognomy defined by Laurence Prerrine, Hawthorne â€Å"choosing names for [his] character that serve[s] not only to label them but also to suggest something about them†: for example Pearl, Hester Prynne, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, and Roger Chillingworth in The Scarlet Letter. As symbolism appears all throughout the story Hawthorne creates his characters in how the name, physical appearance, and behavior of each of his characters. In Hawthorne story the character Pearl symbolizes living sin, an outcast, a treasure, and a child with knowledge that most puritan children may not have. Pearl is Hester Prynne and Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale’s daughter who is conceived in adultery (49). Because her mother and father were not married this is a sin in the puritan culture (48, 77). Pearl is an outcast for this reason and for not behaving as a puritan child should be have. Pearl would throw rocks, scream like a witch, and run away (84-85). She was also alienated because she was not living in a family that is approved by the magistrate. This disapproval of a single parent home they tried to take her away from her mother (89). This battle for a Christian home for Pearl is the only concern that the magistrate had for her eternal life (92). Hester views Pearl as a â€Å"rare treasure† and that she can raise her child in a Christian home like the rest of the other families (80). Pearl’s behavior is like a sprite, or she screams like a wi... ... a secret to the public (219). Dimmesdale and Chillingworth both have secrets that affect them in the same way but emotionally differently in the ways of physical manifestation. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses many sensors to symbolize his story with Pearl, Hester, Arthur, and Roger to show that life goes on even when you have gone away from the stereotypes of the people who surround you. From Pearl being a demon child to growing up to becomes a mother to her child or from Hester Prynne keeping her mistake to herself and moving on in life and learning that no matter what the law she broke that she can thrive in her living. As for Dimmesdale and Chillingworth we see one set free when he confesses his sin and one who disappears when there is no sin to keep as a secret. As all lives have its road blocks, but Hester Prynne lives a life learning how to get around the road.

How does Hardy show social injustice in the 19th Century in England? :: Free Essay Writer

How does Hardy show social injustice in the 19th Century in England? Thomas Hardy was born in 1840 and died in 1928 at the age of 88. Thomas Hardy’s father was a stonemason and his mother a servant to a vicar. Hardy could not afford to continue his education as he wished and was apprenticed to John Hicks, a local church architect from 1862 to 1867. He served as assistant to Arthur Bloomfield, a London architect. Hardy hated London and returned to Dorset and worked for Hicks until 1874. Despite his employment Hardy was writing continually during this period of life. Over the next 22 years Hardy wrote 15 novels, more than 1000 poems and 4 volumes of short stories. Hardy wrote in these short stories about the law, class difference, women’s position in the society and city versus the countryside. Most of his stories are set in the Wessex, a fictional name that he gave to his stories. His stories are set 50 years back in the past and show the hardships, sufferings, trials and tribulations experienced by the working class. This book is from the collection of the stories The Withered Arm and other Wessex Tales. When Hardy became an architect he went to work in London. However, he missed the Dorset countryside so much that he returned there in 1867 and began writing novels and poetry. This was the first of many of his novels describing characters and scenes from country life. Hardy’s views about the countryside versus the city were about the injustice of the loss of the old way of life. Hardy went to work in London in 1862. He took a return ticket with him in case he repented his decision to work there. His aversion for London is apparent in his comments where he describes London as, â€Å"the monster with four million heads and eight million eyes.† Hardy describes the city in The Son’s Veto, as Sophie is looking through the window at â€Å"a fragment of lawn,† which shows the lack of greenery and space in London. He describes the air as, â€Å"hazy air,† which shows the huge amount of pollution in London unlike the pleasant and fresh air of the countryside. Hardy portrays all the houses in London as, â€Å"drab house facades,† which shows the ugly and depressing houses in London. The, â€Å"ever flowing traffic,† and other quotes just shows the repulsive and the disheartening city of London. Hardy approves of smuggling in The Distracted Preacher. Legally smugglers are to be penalized but every one ignores the law in The Distracted Preacher. Lizzy says, â€Å"it has been their practice for

Cross cultural values and conflicts Essay

The modern society is made up of different cultures which are constantly interacting with each other. This interaction helps in the enrichment of the society. However, it is also the cause of intercultural tensions that have been witnessed in many countries such as the United States. Intercultural conflicts may take different forms. This might lead to problems in different communities and fuel high levels of hatred and confrontation. It is a known fact that cultures differ from one community to another. There has been increased violence that can be attributed to marginalization and impoverishment of some cultures as compared to others. The other factors that contribute to this are ignorance coupled with prejudice. The result of this is disagreements between different communities, resentment and possibility of uncontrollable violence erupting. These conflicts arise due to opposition of certain cultures and reluctance to accept the diverse cultures of the world. Sources of conflicts Intercultural conflicts can, therefore, be said to be due to three causes. These are: political causes, social causes and economic causes. Political sources may be due to territorial differences that might lead to conflicts between different groups of people or nations. The fight for certain resources in particular regions fall under economic causes of these conflicts. Dispute may sometimes arise regarding the ownership, accessibility to or control of certain resources. These resources might include jobs, contracts, credits or education. Allocation of these resources should be done in a fair manner so that everyone gets an equal share regardless of their cultural backgrounds. The tough economic times and conditions may exacerbate intercultural hostility especially when these are seen to be the key causes of unemployment and degradation of peoples’ welfare (LeBaron and Pillay, p 42). Economic policies that favor certain groups of people or nations and ignoring the disadvantaged ones may hasten these conflicts. Such disadvantaged groups include immigrants and workers who might be looked down upon (LeBaron and Pillay, p 42). Social causes of conflicts might be due to differences in religion and languages. These are cultural issues which should not be taken lightly. For example, a communication barrier as far as language is concerned. This can be seen in institutions regarding the particular language used in the teaching process and examinations. Secondly, language used in the military during command and other government departments for communication. These might cause disparities between people of different ethnic and cultural backgrounds. It has been established that religion is a major cause of conflict between groups of people (LeBaron and Pillay, p 43). The main cause of social conflicts in the U. S. is immigration and the income levels between the two races (whites and blacks). This also includes the natives and immigrants in the United States as well as the poor and rich people (Morin, para 2). Other factors that may worsen this situation include; potential threats posed by certain groups to the interest of the group considered as the majority. For example, in the United States, most whites see the non white immigrants as criminals who pose a great danger to their families, jobs and institutions. This leads to exclusion of such migrants in certain sectors such as taking up high grade jobs and government positions. It has heightened the levels of discrimination in the United States (Ting-Toomey and Oetzel, p 23). Conclusion There is need for a global approach in finding a lasting solution to this problem. These efforts should be directed towards ending cultural, racial and ethnic conflicts worldwide. It will help in ending xenophobia, racism and racial segregation in the U. S. In doing so, the tension that is usually witnessed between different groups of people will be greatly reduced hence leading to a harmonious society. Despite the fact that conflicts will always arise at times, these should be solved amicably and democratically without bias or favoring any side or group. Works Cited LeBaron, Michelle and Venashri Pillay. Conflict across Cultures. Boston: Intercultural Press, 2006. Morin, Rich. â€Å"What Divides America? † September 24, 2009. August 10th, 2010 Ting-Toomey, Stella and John Oetzel G. Managing Intercultural Conflict Effectively. California: Sage Publications, 2001

Comparing Lady Macbeth and Curley’s Wife Essay

‘Of Mice and Men’, written in 1937 by John Steinbeck, and ‘Macbeth’, written in 1606 by William Shakespeare, both portray women as linked to the downfall of male characters. Both play and novel were set and written at times where women did not have many rights. ‘Macbeth’ was first performed in 1606 which was a patriarchal society and the ‘Divine Right of Kings’ meant that people believed that kings were chosen by God to rule and so killing a king, or regicide, was considered to be the greatest sin that could be committed. I will be looking at Lady Macbeth who has a sinister control over her husband. ‘Of Mice and Men’ was written in the time of the Great Depression; by this point in history, women had started to receive some rights such as voting, but they were the first to lose their jobs when the Depression came and many had to become housewives once again. Curley’s wife represents the frustration of women in this era. This essay will focus on the similarities and differences between the two characters and how they are represented thought structure, language and themes. The audience first meets Lady Macbeth in Act 1 Scene 5. She is reading a letter from Macbeth explaining the events that just took place with the witches. This is followed by her soliloquy, so we hear her thoughts aloud. This indicates that Lady Macbeth will have power over the events in the play, since she begins plotting the murder of the king; this display of power is rare for a woman in the 17th century, which is further suggested by the fact that she would have been played by a man on a Shakespearean stage. Lady Macbeth during the play is important, since she is already the wife of a nobleman and later the king. After the reign of Queen Elizabeth, society was anxious about powerful women and would have been very anxious about Lady Macbeth since she begins to plot murder while reading the letter saying: â€Å"Yet do I fear thy / nature It is too full of the milk of human kindness to catch the nearest way†. â€Å"nearest way† is a euphemism for murder. She shows boldn ess and is critical of her husband. Lady Macbeth and Curley’s wife both show disdain for their husbands. In Act 2 Scene 2, Lady Macbeth is manipulative towards her husband, as she complains to him for returning the daggers to the scene of the crime, by saying â€Å"My hands are of your colour, but I shame / to wear a heart so white†, ‘white’ is related to innocence or without sin. This relates to the context as during the Jacobean men are meant have bloody hearts from all the people they have killed and for a woman to call a man’s heart white, and for her to be shamed by it he must be less manly than her. The relationship between Curley and Curley’s wife is seen without trust throughout the development of the book. Curley’s wife does not wish to be under his masculine control; Curley’s wife says â€Å"think I like to stick in that house alla time?† The word ‘stick’ means to stay attached by adhesion, this shows how she is unable to be free or disobey her husbands in any way. It shows that she hates to be by herself, and shows Curley’s possessiveness and jealousy towards the other characters on the ranch about her reduces the things in which she is able to do. In the 1930s woman were often kept at home by their husbands as jobs were becoming more difficult to get and keep, as women just recently received the right to work in more masculine jobs and so this get them the least amount of rights to jobs when jobs became scarce. Lady Macbeth emotions and Macbeth physical status are linked throughout the play. In Act 1 we see Macbeth being promoted to thane at the end of his battle, this is the start of his kingdom, fortress and prison. Lady Macbeth on reading the letter sent for Macbeth increases in wickedness and this is the start of her kingdom, fortress and prison but with Lady Macbeth it is to guard or imprison her emotions or guilt. This doesn’t last long for the queen as her guard is down and her emotions escape her during her sleepwalking scene, as she says â€Å"out, damned spot!†, a ‘spot’ can be referred to a rounded mark stain made by a foreign matter, as mud, blood, paint, ink, etc. She is not referring to a physical spot but the leak of her emotions, the blood stained spot of King Duncan, this is also shoes Lady Macbeth’s more famine side which the audience expected of a female in the Jacobean patriarchal society. Macbeth’s fortress comes crumbling before him at the end of Scene 5 ending with his death, for the King to die is a mighty shock during the era where the divine right of kings meant the biggest sin that could be committed as the king is thought to be chosen by God. Curley and his wife on the other hand are quite the opposite. Curley’s wife’s decisions affect the stability of Curley position on the ranch. The Curley we met at the start is portrayed as the strongest character on the farm, he is also the ranch owner’s son and is the only one with a known wife. All these factors make-up the pillars that hold at the top of the pyramid. When Lennie breaks his hand he already becomes unstable and so starts being more strict with his wife such as making her stay at home. With his wife know going around the ranch with near see-through tops and baked up Barbie face, which for a woman in the early twentieth century his unrealistic as they are considered to be owned by their husbands. When she dies this is a very big deal for Curley as with only one pillar barely holding him up his pyramid is toppling down. His anger is shown at the very end of the play when Curley throws a tantrum says â€Å"That big son of a bitch done it. I know he done it.† Both females characters foreshadow important event in the texts. Foreshadowing is seen straight away when we meet Lady Macbeth when she speaks her soliloquy. During this soliloquy Lady Macbeth rants about her husband, when she mentions â€Å"Make thick my blood†, to thickened blood is also known as blood clot, Blood clot is known for being very painful, and so for her to want for her blood to clot, she must . Woman in the 17th century were considered to be non-violent. Later in Act 5 Scene 1 Lady Macbeth certifies her death as she opened herself unconsciously, in front of the doctor and nurse, and says â€Å"There’s a knocking at the door†. ‘Door’ is any gateway marking an entrance or exit from one place or state to another, in this scene the door relates to the doors of hell, as Lady Macbeth is feeling the weight of her sins on top of her. This foreshadowing is fulfilled when Lady Macbeth is said to of killed herself off-stage. In ‘Of Mice and Men’ foreshadowing is seen in chapter 2 when Curley’s wife introduced physically to the reader. The text describes her as â€Å"She had full, rouged lips†¦ Her fingernails were red†¦ like sausages†¦ red mules,.. of red ostrich feathers†. ‘Red’ is of the colour of fresh blood, and so her appearance shows her death in the near future due to her desperation to catch the attention of everyone on the farm. This is because many people felt powerless and frustrated during ‘the Great Depression’. In the entrance to the new characters, George and Lennie, the scene is described â€Å"Both men glanced up, for the rectangle of sunshine in the doorway was cut off†. The ‘sunshine’ is related to the sunlight of heaven, this again is predicting her death in the near future. In chapter 5 the novel mentions â€Å"A pigeon flew in through the open hay door and circled and flew out again†, the pigeon in French is a young dove which can be related to the heaven, ultimately indicating her death a second before we her doll like corpses. Her death is like her introduction as they both having similar with her red theme.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦rouged cheeks and her reddened lips†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this proves that the foreshadowing at the start is related to her death at the end of the book. Curley’s wife shows control over Crooks in ‘Of Mice and Men’ yet women having such low respect during the Great Depression. The play is structured so that the importance of Lady Macbeth decreases during the play while Curley’s wife’s importance increases during the novel. Lady Macbeth is ashamed of her husband at the start of the play as Macbeth shows so much weakness towards her. This disappointment of hers is shown greatly during the killing of King Duncan in Act 2 Scene 2. This also shows her importance, as she complains to Macbeth by announcing â€Å"My hand are of your colour, but I shame / to wear a heart so white†, shame is a painful feeling of humiliation or distress caused by the consciousness of wrong or foolish behaviour. In context this is odd as during the Jacobean era women were expected to obey their husbands, but instead she is more masculine that her own husband. In Act 5 Scene 5, Seyton emotionlessly says †The queen, my lord, is dead† but we do not witness the death on-stage, this is to show that Lady Macbeth has lost her importance since the start of the play. On the other hand Curley’s wife is less important at the start of the novel as we hear her in a conversation between Candy and George, as Candy describes Curley’s wife as a â€Å"tart†. The word is an offensive term for a female prostitute showing that what she does is not what is wanted from a 1930s wife as it was sexist society and men were still dominant. At the end of the book Curley’s wife is killed but not off-stage thus showing an increase in her importance since the start, this is probably because she is direct cause of Lennie’s death compared to Lady Macbeth. Her increase in importance links to the fact that women started getting a lot of rights such as having the right to vote, as during the war women took over their husband’s jobs and when the husbands returned some realized that women could do more than be housewives. We witness Curley’s wife first performance of power over a male character in chapter 4, at Crooks’s harness room when she turns on him and says â€Å"Listen, Nigger†. The word ‘Nigger’ is a contemptuous term used to refer to a member of any dark-skinned people. By using this term to a black person shows that Curley’s wife has a little amount of power in this patriarchal also by Crooks’s after reaction of curling into a ball this also shows her power a only the week lower themselves to a higher power. During the 1930s a racial group called the Klu Klux Klan had power they disrespected black people and sometimes went as far as to kill them. In the same conversation with Crooks’s Curley’s wife says â€Å"I could get you strung upon a tree so easy it ain’t even funny†. ‘Strung upon a tree’ this is called lynching; lynching was first started in America by in the 18th century and was mostly stopped by 1920. Black people who went against white people in the 1930 still got hanged on a tree, this term shows the power in which Curley’s wife holds over black people, as well as mentioning this to a black person is very offensive as over thirty thousand negro’s died and shows the reason why Crook’s ‘reduced himself to nothing’. Both Lady Macbeth and Curley’s wife are the cause of the sorrow around them leading to both Lennie and Macbeth’s death. Lady Macbeth finally shows the sexist weakness of women during the Jacobean era by allowing for her emotions to leak out and dies off-stage showing her unimportance. Curley’s wife is throughout the novel shown as slutish and attention seeking and is finally killed by a man as she does not have the strength to withstand Lennie, showing her feminist side. Both authors portray their leads as weak and vulnerable even if they try to hide it.